A mini water supply scheme with Reverse Osmosis (RO) and fluoride removal units is designed to provide clean and safe drinking water to a small community or a specific location. This system typically consists of the following components:
1. Water Source: The scheme starts with identifying a suitable water source such as a borewell, well, or river, depending on the availability in the area.
2. Water Intake: A pump or similar mechanism is used to draw water from the source and transfer it to the treatment units.
3. Pre-Treatment: Before reaching the RO and fluoride removal units, the water may undergo pre-treatment processes to remove larger impurities, such as sedimentation or filtration to remove suspended particles.
4. Reverse Osmosis (RO) Unit: The RO unit is responsible for removing dissolved impurities, including salts, heavy metals, and other contaminants. It uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from the impurities, producing purified water.
5. Fluoride Removal Unit: If the source water has high fluoride content, an additional fluoride removal unit may be incorporated. This unit employs techniques like activated alumina or ion exchange resins to reduce fluoride levels to safe limits.
6. Post-Treatment: Once the water has passed through the RO and fluoride removal units, it may undergo post-treatment processes such as disinfection (e.g., chlorination or UV sterilization) to eliminate any remaining bacteria or pathogens.
7. Storage and Distribution: The treated water is stored in a clean, hygienic storage tank and then distributed through a network of pipes to the intended beneficiaries or households.
It’s important to note that the design, capacity, and specific components of a mini water supply scheme can vary depending on the water quality, community size, and available resources. Consulting with water treatment experts or engineers would be crucial for designing and implementing an effective and sustainable system.